Great Recession free essay sample

Our 2007-2008 budgetary emergency is accused on modest home loan credit, including remiss guaranteeing procedure and government approaches. In 2003, the administration passed the American Dream Development Act, which gave financing to low-pay families. Attempting to assist lower with mediocre class families, the arrangement prompted contract subprime contracts. Financing to families with low FICO score at high loan fees. Since a huge piece of the populace is center to bring down class, a modest interest for new homes was made. Accordingly, making an air pocket in home cost. A portion of these home loans incorporate Interest just (regularly scheduled installment pays nothing to the head, therefore never diminishing the chief sum financed), and Adjustable Rate Mortgage, which comprises of bringing down or expanding rates each year relying upon showcase loan fee. This sort of home loan can be helpful in circumstances such as this; however in 2006, when financing costs were so high, numerous home loans regularly scheduled installments increment over 10% in only one month. We will compose a custom article test on Extraordinary Recession or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As Interest rates expanded, subprime contracts began to default exponentially since new homebuyers couldn't meet the regularly scheduled installments. This prompted the breakdown of home costs. This timeframe is known as the Great downturn. The expansion in subprime defaults lessens total pay and expands total home costs, which thusly builds the degree of prime defaults in the economy. This is known as the subprime infection. How did the legislature respond? The administration utilized monetary approach to balance out financing costs, lessen joblessness and increment GDP, they gave a program of Easy Credit, letting subprime obtain at a prime borrower spread. Additionally, they gave a Tax Rebate in 2008 of $8,000 for First time homebuyers, and for those in default they gave the Distress Relief program of HAMP (Home Affordable Modification Program). Then again, the Fed utilized fiscal arrangement to decrease the financial emergencies and prod speculations and utilization. They decrease the rate at rebate window, increment cash gracefully to diminish rates and they buy contract upheld protections. Utilizing Monetary Policy in a downturn is more successful on the grounds that it demonstrations quicker than financial approach. Financial approach has experience a different advisory groups and must be decided on to be made into law. As a decision, there is a disease impact od subprime default because of the negative effect of subprime defaults on total salary, and money related approach is the best when managing a downturn. Financial arrangement builds home total costs as opposed to elective government monetary strategies intended to relax contract credit.

Chapter 35 Veritaserum

Harry felt himself hammer level into the ground; his face was squeezed into grass; its smell filled his noses. He had shut his eyes while the Portkey moved him, and he kept them shut at this point. He didn't move. All the breath appeared to have been taken out of him; his head was swimming so severely he felt just as the ground underneath him were influencing like the deck of a boat. To hold himself consistent, he fixed his hang on the two things he was all the while grasping: the smooth, cold handle of the Triwizard Cup and Cedric's body. He felt just as he would slide away into the obscurity gathering at the edges of his cerebrum in the event that he let go of both of them. Stun and weariness kept him on the ground, taking in the smell of the grass, waiting†¦waiting for somebody to do something†¦something to happen†¦and at the same time, his scar consumed bluntly on his forehead†¦. A downpour of sound stunned and confounded him; there were voices all over the place, strides, screams†¦.He remained where he was, his face botched against the commotion, just as it were a bad dream that would pass†¦. At that point a couple of hands held onto him generally and turned him over. â€Å"Harry! Harry!† He opened his eyes. He was gazing toward the brilliant sky, and Albus Dumbledore was hunkered over him. The dull shadows of a horde of individuals squeezed in around them, pushing closer; Harry felt the ground underneath his head resounding with their strides. He had returned to the edge of the labyrinth. He could see the stands transcending him, the states of individuals moving in them, the stars above. Harry let go of the cup, however he gripped Cedric to him considerably more firmly. He lifted his free hand and held onto Dumbledore's wrist, while Dumbledore's face swam all through core interest. â€Å"He's back,† Harry murmured. â€Å"He's back. Voldemort.† â€Å"What's going on? What's happened?† The essence of Cornelius Fudge showed up topsy turvy over Harry; it looked white, horrified. â€Å"My God †Diggory!† it murmured. â€Å"Dumbledore †he's dead!† The words were rehashed, the shadowy figures squeezing in on them wheezed it to those around them†¦and then others yelled it †shrieked it †into the night †â€Å"He's dead!† â€Å"He's dead!† â€Å"Cedric Diggory! Dead!† â€Å"Harry, let go of him,† he heard Fudge's voice say, and he felt fingers attempting to pry him from Cedric's limp body, however Harry wouldn't release him. At that point Dumbledore's face, which was as yet obscured and clouded, came nearer. â€Å"Harry, you can't help him now. It's finished. Let go.† â€Å"He needed me to bring him back,† Harry murmured †it appeared to be imperative to clarify this. â€Å"He needed me to take him back to his parents†¦.† â€Å"That's correct. Harry†¦just let go now†¦.† Dumbledore twisted down, and with remarkable quality for a man so old and flimsy, raised Harry from the beginning set - him on his feet. Harry influenced. His head was beating. His harmed leg would no longer help his weight. The group around them jarred, battling to draw nearer, squeezing dimly in on him †â€Å"What's happened?† â€Å"What's the matter with him?† â€Å"Diggory's dead!† â€Å"He'll need to go to the medical clinic wing!† Fudge was stating uproariously. â€Å"He's evil, he's harmed †Dumbledore, Diggory's folks, they're here, they're in the stands†¦.† â€Å"I'll take Harry, Dumbledore, I'll take him - â€Å" â€Å"No, I would lean toward â€Å" â€Å"Dumbledore, Amos Diggory's running†¦he's coming over†¦.Don't you figure you should let him know †before he sees †?† â€Å"Harry, remain here - â€Å" Young ladies were shouting, crying hysterically†¦.The scene gleamed strangely before Harry's eyes†¦. â€Å"Its good, child, I have you†¦come on†¦hospital wing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Dumbledore said stay,† said Harry thickly, the beating in his scar causing him to feel as if he was going to hurl; his vision was obscuring more awful than any time in recent memory. â€Å"You need to lie down†¦.Come on now†¦.† Somebody bigger and more grounded than he was half pulling, half helping him through the terrified group. Harry heard individuals wheezing, shouting, and yelling as the man supporting him pushed a way through them, returning him to the manor. Over the yard, past the lake and the Durmstrang transport, Harry heard only the substantial breathing of the man helping him walk. â€Å"What occurred. Harry?† the man asked finally as he lifted Harry up the stone advances. Thump. Thump. Thump. It was Mad-Eye Moody. â€Å"Cup was a Portkey,† said Harry as they crossed the passage corridor. â€Å"Took me and Cedric to a graveyard†¦and Voldemort was there†¦Lord Voldemort†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thump. Thump. Thump. Up the marble stairs†¦ â€Å"The Dark Lord was there? What happened then?† â€Å"Killed Cedric†¦they slaughtered Cedric†¦.† â€Å"And then?† Thump. Thump. Thump. Along the corridor†¦ â€Å"Made a potion†¦got his body back†¦.† â€Å"The Dark Lord recovered his body? He's returned?† â€Å"And the Death Eaters came†¦and then we dueled†¦.† â€Å"You dueled with the Dark Lord?† â€Å"Got away†¦my wand†¦did something funny†¦.I saw my mum and dad†¦they came out of his wand†¦.† â€Å"In here. Harry†¦in here, and sit down†¦.You'll be okay now†¦drink this†¦.† Harry heard a key scratch in a lock and felt a cup being driven into his hands. â€Å"Drink it†¦you'll feel better†¦come on, presently. Harry, I have to know precisely what happened†¦.† Surly helped tip the stuff down Harry's throat; he hacked, a peppery taste consuming his throat. Moody's office came into more honed center, thus did Moody himself†¦.He looked as white as Fudge had looked, and the two eyes were fixed unblinkingly upon Harry's face. â€Å"Voldemort's back, Harry? You're certain he's back? How could he do it?† â€Å"He took stuff from his dad's grave, and from Wormtail, and me,† said Harry. His head felt more clear; his scar wasn't harming so gravely; he could now observe Moody's face particularly, despite the fact that the workplace was dull. He could in any case hear shouting and yelling from the far off Quidditch field. â€Å"What did the Dark Lord take from you?† said Moody. â€Å"Blood,† said Harry, raising his arm. His sleeve was torn where Wormtail's blade had torn it. Surly let out his breath in a long, low murmur. â€Å"And the Death Eaters? They returned?† â€Å"Yes,† said Harry. â€Å"Loads of them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"How did he treat them?† Moody asked unobtrusively. â€Å"Did he pardon them?† Yet, Harry had out of nowhere recollected. He ought to have told Dumbledore, he ought to have said it immediately †â€Å"There's a Death Eater at Hogwarts! There's a Death Eater here †they put my name in the Goblet of Fire, they ensured I broke all the way to the finish - â€Å" Harry attempted to get up, however Moody pushed him down. â€Å"I know who the Death Eater is,† he said discreetly. â€Å"Karkaroff?† said Harry fiercely. â€Å"Where right? Do you have him? Is he bolted up?† â€Å"Karkaroff?† said Moody with an odd chuckle. â€Å"Karkaroff fled today around evening time, when he felt the Dark Mark consume upon his arm. He sold out such a large number of loyal supporters of the Dark Lord to wish to meet them†¦but I question he will get far. The Dark Lord has methods of following his enemies.† â€Å"Karkaroff's gone? He fled? In any case, at that point †he didn't place my name in the goblet?† â€Å"No,† said Moody gradually. â€Å"No, he didn't. It was I who did that.† Harry heard, yet didn't accept. â€Å"No, you didn't,† he said. â€Å"You didn't do that†¦you can't have done†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I guarantee you I did,† said Moody, and his supernatural eye swung around and fixed upon the entryway, and Harry realized he was ensuring that there was nobody outside it. Simultaneously, Moody drew out his wand and pointed it at Harry. â€Å"He pardoned them, then?† he said. â€Å"The Death Eaters who went free? The ones who got away Azkaban?† â€Å"What?† said Harry. He was taking a gander at the wand Moody was pointing at him. This was an awful joke, it must be. â€Å"I asked you,† said Moody unobtrusively, â€Å"whether he excused the rubbish who never at any point went to search for him. Those misleading quitters who wouldn't valiant Azkaban for him. The fickle, useless bits of foulness who were sufficiently bold to romp in veils at the Quidditch World Cup, yet fled at seeing the Dark Mark when I terminated it into the sky.† â€Å"You fired†¦What are you talking about†¦?† â€Å"I let you know. Harry†¦I let you know. On the off chance that there's one thing I abhor more than some other, it's a Death Eater who strolled free. They walked out on my lord when he required them most. I anticipated that him should rebuff them. I anticipated that him should torment them. Reveal to me he hurt them, Harry†¦.† Moody's face was unexpectedly lit with a crazy grin. â€Å"Tell me he disclosed to them that I, only i remained faithful†¦prepared to chance everything to convey to him the one thing he needed above all†¦you.† â€Å"You didn't†¦it †it can't be you†¦.† â€Å"Who put your name in the Goblet of Fire, under the name of an alternate school? I did. Who startled off each individual I thought may attempt to hurt you or keep you from winning the competition? I did. Who poked Hagrid into indicating you the mythical serpents? I did. Who helped you see the main way you could beat the monster? I did.† Moody's enchanted eye had now left the entryway. It was fixed upon Harr

How to Write a Method Section of an APA Paper

How to Write a Method Section of an APA Paper Student Resources APA Style and Writing Print How to Write the Method Section of an APA Format Psychology Paper By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on November 13, 2019 Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers The method section of an  APA format  psychology paper provides the methods and procedures used in a research study or experiment. This part of an APA paper is critical because it allows other researchers to see exactly how you conducted your research. This allows other researchers to reproduce your experiment if they want and to assess alternative methods that might produce differing results. So what exactly do you need to include when writing your method section? You should provide detailed information on the research design, participants, equipment, materials, variables, and actions taken by the participants. The method section should provide enough information to allow other researchers to replicate your experiment or study. Overview The method section should utilize subheadings to divide up different subsections. These subsections typically include: Participants, Materials, Design, and Procedure.?? Participants   In this part of the method section, you should describe the participants in your experiment including who they were, how many there were, and how they were selected. Include details about how your participants were chosen, who they were, and any unique features that may set them apart from the general population.?? If you utilized random selection to choose your participants, it should be noted here. For example: We randomly selected 100 children from elementary schools near the University of Arizona. At the very minimum, this part of your method section must convey who was in your study, the population from which your participants were drawn, and any restrictions on your pool of participants. For example, if your study consists of female college students from a small private college in the mid-West, you should note this in this part of your method section. This part of your method section should also explain how many participants were in your study, how many were assigned to each condition, and basic characteristics of your participants such as sex, age, ethnicity, or religion. In this subsection, it is also important to explain why your participants took part in your research.?? Was your study advertised at a college or hospital? Did participants receive some type of incentive to take part in your research? Be sure to explain how participants were assigned to each group. Were they randomly assigned to a condition or was some other selection method used? Information on participants helps other researchers understand how your study was performed, how generalizable the result might be, and allows other researchers to replicate your results with other populations to see if they might obtain the same results. Materials Describe the materials, measures, equipment, or stimuli used in the experiment.?? This may include testing instruments, technical equipment, books, images, or other materials used in the course of research. If you used some type of psychological assessment or special equipment during the course of your experiment, it should be noted in this part of your method section. For example: Two stories from Sullivan et al.s (1994) second-order false belief attribution tasks were used to assess childrens understanding of second-order beliefs. For standard and expected equipment such as computer screens, television screens, videos, keyboards, and radios, you can simply name the device and not provide further explanation. So if you used a computer to administer a psychological assessment, you would need to name the specific assessment you used, but you could simply state that you used a computer to administer the test rather than listing the brand and technical specifications of the device. Specialized equipment, especially if it is something that is complex or created for a niche purpose, should be given greater detail. In some instances, such as if you created a special material or apparatus for your study, you may need to provide and illustration of the item that can be included in your appendix and then referred to in your method section. Design Describe the type of design used in the experiment. Specify the variables as well as the levels of these variables. Clearly identify your independent variables, dependent variables, control variables, and any extraneous variables that might influence your results.?? Explain whether your experiment uses a  within-groups  or between-groups design. For example: The experiment used a 3x2 between-subjects design. The  independent variables were age and understanding of second-order beliefs. Procedure The next part of your method section should detail the procedures used in your experiment. Explain what you had participants do, how you collected data and the order in which steps occurred.?? For example: An examiner interviewed children individually at their school in one session that lasted 20 minutes on average. The examiner explained to each child that he or she would be told two short stories and that some questions would be asked after each story. All sessions were videotaped so the data could later be coded. Keep this subsection concise yet detailed. Explain what you did and how you did it, but do not overwhelm your readers with too much information. Things to Remember When Writing a  Method Section Always write the method section in the past tense.??Provide enough detail that another researcher could replicate your experiment, but focus on brevity. Avoid unnecessary detail that is not relevant to the outcome of the experiment.Remember to use  proper APA format.?? As you are writing your method section, keep a style guide published by the  American Psychological Association  on hand, such as the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.Take a rough draft of your method section to your universitys writing lab for additional assistance.Proofread your paper for typos, grammar problems, and spelling errors. Do not just rely on computer spell checkers. Always read through each section of your paper for agreement with other sections. If you mention steps and procedures in the method section, these elements should also be present in the results and discussion sections. A Word From Verywell The method section is one of the most important components of your APA format paper. The goal of your paper should be to clearly detail what you did in your experiment. Provide enough detail that another researcher could replicate your study if he or she wanted. Finally, if you are writing your paper for a class or for a specific publication, be sure to keep in mind any specific instructions provided by your instructor or by the journal editor. Your instructor may have certain requirements that you need to follow while writing your method section.

Prevention Of Chronic Disease And Improving Public Health

Introduction On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) into law. This was the most significant piece of legislation since Medicare and Medicaid passed in 1965.1 This health care reform is intended to expand access to quality and affordable care for all Americans. It is also intended to address the role of public programs, efficiency of health care and prevention of chronic diseases and improving public health to name a few. Recognizing that the prevention of chronic disease and promoting population health is the key to controlling health care expenditure, the inclusion of pain management is a positive aspect of the legislation. While chronic pain is not in the top leading chronic diseases, the cost to the health care system is higher than heart disease and diabetes combined.2 This paper will discuss Title IV - Prevention of Chronic Disease and Improving Public Health. Subsection D - Support for Prevention and Public Health Innovation of the PPACA, including the funding of the United States Department of Health and Humans Services (HHS) for research in public health services and the examination of best prevention practices. One focus of this part of this provision is research and evaluation of pain management, the assessment, and treatment standards through an Institute of Medicine Conference on Pain Care.3 Discussion Chronic diseases are a tremendous burden on the health care system. The best way to reduce thisShow MoreRelatedThe Prevalence Of Chronic Diseases972 Words   |  4 PagesUndisputed and well documented, the prevalence of chronic diseases is the predominant challenge to health around the globe (Bauer et al., 2014). Although the United States spends more per capita on health care than any other country, Americans are less healthy, die sooner, and experience more illness compared to other high-income countries (Bauer et al., 2014; Institute of Medicine (IOM), 2013; Murray et al., 2013). Data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) revealed that approximatelyRead MoreFederal Public Health and The Affordable Care Act and Public Health Reform1734 Words   |  7 Pages The health of the American people lags behind those from other developed countries. Federal public health agencies have a wide range of responsibilities and functions which includes public health research, funding, and oversight of direct healthcare providers. It has been a long time since changes have been made to the way the federal government structures its health care roles and programs outside of Medicare and Medicaid (Trust, 2013). With healthcare reform on the horizon now is the time toRead MoreHow The New Healthcare Reform Affects Community Health Care974 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity Health Nurse Regulations Nurses have an important role in the delivery of health care and their practice is guided by rules and regulations established by the government. President Obama recent establishment of the healthcare reform was designed to ensure health care coverage for all Americans, focus on preventative health care coverage, improve healthcare efficiency and quality (Paradis, Wood, Cramer, 2009, p. 281). I will discuss how the new healthcare reform affects community healthRead MoreHealth Promotion And Disease Prevention871 Words   |  4 PagesChronic disease is one of the leading causes of death. People get a chronic disease because of tobacco use, poor diet, lack of physical activities and host among others things. The question is why we are not taking on the initiative on improving the quality of life by at eliminating the things that causes chronic diseases. Lately, there have been numerous of debates on whether prevention or treatment saves money. Some have argued that the preventio n cannot save money, but rather increases the costRead MoreScholar Practitioner Project Paper1686 Words   |  7 Pagesassessing the increasing burden of chronic diseases in counties across California, findings revealed that although San Diego county comprised 9% of the state population, San Diegans incurred nearly 15% of total expenditures for direct medical care of chronic diseases in the state of California. This report indicated that chronic diseases- cancer, heart diseases/stroke, pulmonary disease, diabetes, mental disorders and hypertension, likely contributed to chronic diseases becoming the leading cause of deathRead MoreHealth Belief Model Of The American Diabetes Association, The Complications And Cost Acquired From Diabetes767 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom diabetes can be dramatically reduce if patients are more aware of the potential risk and receive proper health prevention education. Diabetes self-management is essential in reducing the complications of disease. Researc hers use several theories to help come up with the best way to provide care to patients with chronic illness such as diabetes. 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Although the Affordable Care Act has decreased the number of uninsured people since its implementation, there are still many residents who can’t afford the high deductibles and premiums (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). Furthermore, those with no insurance commonly face the challengeRead MoreThe Importance Of A Healthy Nation Australia Needs A Strong And Viable Health System1485 Words   |  6 Pagesenjoy optimal health throughout their lives, and are able to receive quality health care. In order to be a healthy nation Australia needs a strong and viable health system. Compared to other Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries Australians receive good health care ( ). However, as a result of increased life expectancy and lifestyle changes the health sector faces immense challenges with the ever-increasing burden of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD). CurretlyRead MoreHealth Of Health And Human Services1443 Words   |  6 Pages Nursing 400 Community Health Dr Amara August 31, 2015 Overview: Healthy People The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is charged with the responsibility of meeting the health needs of the citizenry. To achieve this feat, the department established the Healthy People project, which provides a framework for public health prevention priorities and actions. In line

The On Adult Survivors Of Child Sexual Abuse - 1144 Words

Per the electronic files, the SSA only requested records from a crisis stabilization program facility, which did not provide any information. There was no indication that SSA attempted to obtain records from other sources such as primary care providers, Emergency Room records, school records, obstetrical or other specialist’s records. Referring to your previous comments â€Å"At step two, you consider whether the individual’s statements about the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of the alleged symptoms are consistent with the objective medical evidence.† However, there is no objective evidence other than the one episode during the consultative psychological assessment. 1) With a severe trauma, and experiencing symptoms daily for a number of years, it is questionable that she struggled to identify the triggers of her panic attacks as documented in the CE. 2) Research has shown that adult survivors of child sexual abuse often have a myriad of physical and psychological symptoms related to the abuse. There is no clinical evidence of any physical symptoms such as sexual dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain, back pain, headaches, suicide attempts, and eating disorders, gastro intestinal or musculoskeletal complaints. It is unlikely that the claimant did not display any additional symptoms or seek treatment for these symptoms. 3) The consultative examiner’s opinion relied heavily on the subjective report of symptoms and limitations provided by the claimant and herShow MoreRelatedChild Sexual Abuse And Children1301 Words   |  6 PagesChild sexual abuse effects tens of thousands of children, and young teens every year. With the rate of this issues, parents and other adults are not prepared nor willing to deal with problems of their children or family members been sexual abused. Child sexual abuse can take many forms, but it’s always a violation of a young person’s rights, and it increases the risk of many adverse physical and mental health conditions. Furthermore, child sexual abuse is defined as direct genital contact and indirectRead MoreThe Effects and Outcome of Child Sexual Abuse 712 Words   |  3 PagesChild sexual abuse (CSA) is the act of engaging a child in unwanted sexual behavior and activities such as rape, incest, molestation, prostitution, and other forms of sexual ex ploitation (as cited by Goodyear-Brown, Fath, Myers, 2012, p. 4; McGarth, Nilsen, and Kerly, 2011, p. 485). From the efforts for child protective movement in the 1800s to the feminist anti-rape movement a 100 years later in the 1970s that brought to light CSA as a crime against women (Whitter, 2009, p. 7), this type of abuseRead MoreThe Stigma Of Sexual Abuse1563 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective of the stigma of sexual abuse survivors differs and to avoid a bias, social desirability plays an important role. Similarly, sexual abuse is a broad topic that should be discussed without discrimination and the definition of sexual abuse varies around the continent. Moreover, children, adolescence, adult, both male and female from different culture and background are susceptible to sexual abuse. On the other hand, there is a high prevalence rate of child sexual abuse worldwide and ways to reduceRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Adults Sexual Behavior1521 Words   |  7 Pa gesimpact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Adults Sexual Behavior Jamila Kamara Dr. Lauren Vansluytman Morgan State University Sexual abuse leaves many scars, creating feelings of guilt, anger, and fear that haunt survivors throughout their lives. These traumatic experiences can be detrimental to the victims’ sense of their own sexuality. Numerous individuals who have been abused have trouble pursuing adult relationships and engaging in sex  as an adult. The abuse can color a person sRead Morechild sexual abuse1658 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Child Sexual Abuse Siping Chen Laney College Psych 7A April 10, 2014 Child Sexual Abuse Child sexual abuse does not have a universal definition. However, a central characteristic of any abuse is the dominant position of an adult that allows him or her to force or coerce a child into sexual activity (American Psychological Association). Yet all offences that involve sexually touching a child, as well as non-touching offenses and sexual exploitation, are justRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Child Maltreatment On Adult Survivors898 Words   |  4 PagesEFFECTS OF CHILD MALTREATMENT ON ADULT SURVIVORS Child maltreatment is a term that covers a broad spectrum of child mistreatment including, child abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional) and child neglect (emotional and physical). Long term effects of child maltreat vary depending on the severity of the abuse or neglect and the length of time that the child is exposed to the abuse (i.e. if it is a onetime event or ongoing chronic exposure). As Greeson, et al. (2011), points out, child maltreatmentRead MoreSexual Assault Essay examples1113 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Assault described in technical terms is defined as any sort of sexual activity between two or more people in which one of the people involved is involved against his or her will. (3) The description of against his or her will extends to varying degrees of aggression, ranging from indirect pressure to a direct physical attack. While sexual assaults are associated with the crime of rape, it may cover assaults which would not be considered rape. What constitutes a sexual assault is determinedRead MoreChildhood Sexual Abuse1342 Words   |  6 PagesCounseling Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse The presenting problem of childhood sexual abuse is a multidimensional trauma. Occurring at such a young age, CSA can have physically, sexually, psychologically, and emotionally detrimental outcomes (Calvert, Kellett, Hagan, 2015). Depression, maladaptive social behaviors, PTSD, and self-blame have all been reported as psychological reactions to CSA (Gold, 1986; Alexander et al., 1989; Willows, 2009). The very definition of childhood sexual abuseRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Child Sexual Abuse1467 Words   |  6 PagesLong-term effects of child sexual abuse Child Abuse can be a fundamental reason of causing issues for children and young people in physically and mentally. The primitive damage caused by child sexual abuse effect on the child’s developing capacities for trust, intimacy, agency and sexuality so that child sexual abuse is considered as a trigger of mental health problems and increase the risk of major depressive disorder in early adulthood or throughout their lifetime. There is a fact that thoseRead MoreA Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder and Childhood Sexual Abuse1301 Words   |  6 Pagesand Childhood Sexual Abuse Ever felt extremely happy one day and terribly depressed the next, as if you were on an emotional roller coaster? How about spontaneously spending $5,000 on a shopping spree that you have no use for? Imagine being so depressed that you want to commit suicide because dinner was not the meal you had in mind. Each of these actions may seem completely farfetched to the average person; however, actions similar to these are a reality for nearly 5.8 million adults in the United

Professional Dancing Free Essays

March 6, 2012 Professional Dancing â€Å"There is a bit of insanity in dancing that does everybody a great deal of good. † Edwin Denby. Dance has not left behind identifiable artifacts that prove when dance was created. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Dancing or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is not possible to place a date on when it became part of human culture. For billions of years people have expressed emotions and feelings through movements. Over the years dance has transformed into an art of great proportion in our daily life. Everyone dances for a different reason. Some because dance is a stress reliever and others, it’s a way for them to express themselves, but for professionals it’s because they cannot live without it. To become a professional dancer it takes hours of practice in a studio and the acceptance of not becoming a huge star with a lot of money. To embark on the journey to become a professional dancer the first decision to make is what style of dance, after the decision is made the next step is to find a dance studio, during the training in the studio cross training will be needed to become stronger and more flexible, the finance, competitions and injuries are all ideas to consider before committing to a vigorous but rewarding schedule. Even though becoming a professional dancer has a high risk of failure and very low pay, the career can be very rewarding and enjoyable. Finding a dance studio that will push the dancer to become a professional is hard. Usually after finding a studio around where the aspiring dancer lives, research is done to make sure the studio is going to push them to be their best. Many dancers train in multiple studios and possibly even a dance school before becoming a professional. To receive a bachelor’s in dance it costs about $25,000 per year. Most aspiring dancers attempt to get scholarships and sponsors. After graduating the jobs offered for dancers are back-up for videos and concerts, teachers and, theater performances. An audition for these jobs is usually mandatory. Almost all professional dancers start out at a young age in ballet classes. By the age of 18 the dancer starts to audition for jobs and begin their career. Ballet is known as the foundation of all dance styles. Ballet provides structure of almost all dance moves and control of the body to continue on in the dance style preferable. To continue on in dance the style has to be chosen by the dancer. The number of styles of dance are uncountable but the most popular are ballet, hip hop, contemporary, and ballroom. Usually those four are the styles that become a profession. Most dancers have a preferable dance style they like because of watching others dance on television or in the studio but to choose the style of dance the best way is to experiment with many. Usually after a few years of learning the foundations of dance the dancer starts to train in the style of dance they have chosen but training in the studio is not the only training a professional has to do. To become a professional dancer cross training is needed to build muscle and endurance. Most advise pilates, upper body work, interval training, yoga, and tai-chi. These work outs help the dancer’s flexibility and strength to jump higher and carry out harder more complicated dance moves. With all this pressure to become a better dancer problems start to occur. An estimated amount of almost 100% of dancers has struggled with an eating disorder (Ballet Dancers). â€Å"Almost everyone credits George Balanchine, the renowned dancer, teacher, and choreographer, with the current aesthetic of ballet in the West, referred to by most as the â€Å"Balanchine body,† or the â€Å"anorexic look† (Gordon, 1983). This is one of the many down sides of aspiring dancers. If given help the dancer can usually start eating correctly and continue on in the hope to become a professional. The cost of the dancers training in the studio may cost up to $200. 00 per month. If the dancer decides to enter competitions the cost to enter train extra and buy the attire can range around $300. 00. The profession of dancing becomes very expensive. Unless the dancer is getting paid to dance the dancer usually has another job on the outside creating the income to pay for the extra necessities of dance. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that dancers and choreographers earned a mean hourly wage of $16. 55 as of May 2010† (Dancing Care†¦). The career in dance is very risky and unpredictable. As an individual dancing everyone has their opinion of what they like and do not like. Because of this it makes the career very hard to get into and successfully have without the struggle of not having enough m oney. To become a known new aspiring dancer in the fierce profession entering competitions are a must. Usually a solo in a competition costs $90. 00 to enter. Before learning the routine created by a teacher reading the regulations is a smart idea to know what is allowed in the routine and what is not. If the routine was created before the regulations the dance might have to be tweaked so the dancer is not disqualified. A competition can last just a day or over a weekend. The judging is fierce and the competition makes the dancer want to strive even harder to become an amazing artist. Dance is strenuous. In fact, dancers have one of the highest rates of non-fatal on the-job injury. † The causes of most dance injuries are pushing for perfection so hard that muscles are strained, shin splints occur, plantar fasciitis happens, and stress fractures are created. When dancers have this the best way to cure it is stretching before and after dancing. If any serious injury occurs like breaking bones landing a move wrong it could ruin the dancer’s career. Most dancers retire around the age of 30 if an injury happens early the dancers career they will usually retire a teacher. Recovering could take a few weeks to years. A lot of dancers have permanent damage to their body after a vigorous career of muscles being strained and the body being pushed to its limit. Becoming a professional dancer is risky but rewarding. To become a professional dancer it takes hours of practice in a studio and the acceptance of not becoming a huge star with a lot of money. To embark on the journey to become a professional dancer the first decision to make is what style of dance, after the decision is made the next step is to find a dance studio, during the training in the studio cross training will be needed to become stronger and more flexible, the finance, competitions and injuries are all ideas to consider before committing to a vigorous but rewarding schedule. Every dancer has a different opinion of this profession but the ones who love to dance and have the passion that no one could ever take away from them are the ones who are happy and loving every second of it. How to cite Professional Dancing, Papers

Marketing assingment free essay sample

INTRODUCTION Coffeeville is a cafeteria establish in 2009, 1 July. It runs on 3126 Collin street Melbourne. This report is about reviewing the actual or possible implementation strategies and tactics for Coffeeville’s marketing plan. Coffeeville is a cafeteria establish in 2009, 1 July. It runs on 3126 Collin street Melbourne. This business is under the partnership of Emma and Rufus Belcastran. Currently, the business run one cafe and has approximately 250-350 customers a day. It has been leasing its premise currently, but future lease will be leased or purchased to support Coffeeville strategic direction. This report is about reviewing the actual or possible implementation strategies and tactics for Coffeeville’s marketing plan. MISSION STATEMENT Coffeeville provides a unique and compelling cafe experience for the discriminating and socially aware Melbourne coffee drinkers. Coffeeville provides high quality, fair trade coffee and superior hot and cold gourmet food and beverages. Moreover, they support high consistent level of experts and knowledge, fast and friendly services. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing assingment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page QUALITATIVE RESEARCH These days Coffee industry is in very hard nut competition, as the metropolitan covered by cafe’s in its every corner and their qualitative benefits over others are underestimated. As MacDonald’s McCafe and BP Wild Bean Cafe on Clarendon street Melbourne were in cut throat competition. Moreover, McCafe had developed its strong backbone due to flourishing MacDonald’s, which in return had swayed ample of customers. At the same time Wild Beam cafe had attracted its fuel customers. McCafe is been famous for its Arabic Rainforest beans, creamy coffee taste at lower price and fast service. At the same time it provide alternative to people to put these McCafe coffees in meal with the main breakfast/lunch menu or with with McCafe products. While Wild Bean Cafe only serves baked pies and muffins meals with coffee. In regards to sales McCafe had more sales in comparison to Wild Bean Cafe. McCafe promotes and provide more opportunities for customer to choose. McCafe newly launched Turkish bread has a big hand in enhancing its performance, moreover there 7’s flavoured macron’s had left no doubt to beat this cut throat competition with Wild Bean Cafe.

Air Transportation - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Air Transportation - Smart Custom Writing Gay MarriagesIn the United States, homosexuality and consequently, same-sex marriages, has resulted in a lot of controversy and the trading of accusations and counter-accusations. Conceptually, marriage is defined as a legal and religious long-term commitment between two people of the opposite sex. This stretches further to incorporate rights in financial responsibilities and benefits as assigned to heterosexual couples. However, this traditional view is increasingly facing change and opposition. Several states such as Massachusetts, Connecticut, California, Iowa, the District of Columbia and, New Jersey have already reflected this clamour for change and adopted legislation allowing gay marriages. In these states therefore, homosexual couples have the freedom to decide whether to marry or not in a legally acceptable manner. The gay couples can enjoy mutual couple benefits such as legal spouse representation, medical visitations, pension benefits and inheritance rights accorded to the bereaved. In a few other states such as Rhode Island, Hawaii, Maine, Colorado and Wisconsin have instituted domestic partnership laws whereby gay couples can enjoy limited rights though gay marriages are out rightly outlawed. This has however not influenced the society to radically accept gay couples and end all stigma and discrimination directed unto them. Proponents of the entrenchment of gay rights into the United States Constitution argue that barring homosexual marriages is tantamount to discrimination. The essence of the United States Constitution is to protect and preserve minorities' rights and hence gay advocates feel that the federal government or anyone else should not bar marriage to any minorities. This argument is further supported by the Interracial Marriage Act whereby marriages across races were prohibited in the United States till 1967. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the pros and cons of gay marriages and evaluate them from a basis of whether it is plausible to not only legalise them but also mount awareness campaigns to de-stigmatize them, (Dunlap, 15 march 1995). There are various arguments that have been put forward in support of gay marriages. These range from rights in freedom in the Bill of Rights, inherent rights, societal perspectives and biological claims. First, lobbyists and advocates for gay couples feel that if they are not legalized, this will be tantamount to isolation of their rights to religious freedom. Opponents to this have expressed the fact that all major religions consider homosexual relationships as a sin. However, the First Amendment as entrenched in the American Constitution that every person’s rights and views pertaining to religion or lack thereof be it a minority group or not, must be protected. The marriage institution is a secular and societal activity in contrast to the widely acknowledged view as a solely religious perspective of people’s lives. Therefore, the government cannot base laws on a religious concept. This can be equated as entrenching the mentioning of God’s name in vain as a crim e. Secondly, benefits that accrue to a married couple such as joint property ownership and medical benefits are also accorded to gay couples if their unions are legalized. Vital societal and mutual benefits such as tax reduction, property ownership, insurance benefits and agency laws affect a couple’s decision-making. For instance, if a partner in a gay couple that has lived together for twenty years falls ill, visitation rights to the other partner are denied since they are not recognized by law as the next of kin or spouse. Therefore, critical decisions such as incapacitation are not discussed conclusively by the couple. This, as the advocates pointedly illustrate, is unfair just because these individuals do not fit a state definition. Thirdly, gay couples and various couples not only feel that this is an accepted lifestyle but also cite biological causation. Over time, the widely held conception that homosexuality is a deviant sexual behavior is fading out. History, dating back to the Greece indicates the existence of homosexual relationships and the origin of such terms such as Lesbos for lesbians. Psychological research is underway that has already achieved in showing that same-sex relationships have a biological causation. However, caution should be taken to differentiate this from a genetic causation which has no substantial basis. This is depicted by the fact that in most gay couples, one partner exhibits characteristics of the opposite sex such as softer voices in males and strong cheekbones in females. There would be absolutely no need for an individual to choose to be gay in a world that frowns upon the same. This argument therefore renders support to the implied theory that homosexuality is involuntary, ( Hetter, 3June 1996). Fourthly, denying gay couple the right to a legal marriage is discriminatory. America was founded on the concept of majority rule with the protection of minorities such as the anti-slavery acts and inter-racial marriages. Furthermore, it does not hurt anyone in particular or the society. A marriage is deemed as a personal commitment between two people and should not be dictated upon by society. On to the fifth argument for gay marriages, it is important to note marriages are founded on the basis of love not the mutual benefits accorded by the state on couples. This is a life-time commitment whereby the partners vow to support each other through thick and thin and forsake all others till death. It is noteworthy that legal maneuvers accorded to couples in several states have not served to quest the clamor for legalization and acceptance of marriages. This implies there is more to these marriages than just legal aspects. The sixth argument put forward is that gay marriages will entrench family values whereby couples will give up high-risk sexual behaviors. This is a two-edged approach whereby the opposite can be viewed as the erosion of family virtues. However, marriages encourage people to settle down and give up frivolous lifestyles which expose them to STDs and other risks. When married couples commit to building a life together, they depict a positive desirable behavior that should be encouraged, (Member Resolution and Opinion Poll, 2005 ). Finally, it is important to note that gay couples enjoy the same financial benefits and constraints encountered by heterosexual marriages. Therefore, a homosexual marriage ensures couples support each other especially in the face of the ongoing turbulent economic times. They can easily meet their bills and utilities and live the American dream if these unions are legalized. On the other hand, opponents to this legislation have come up with a myriad number of reasons as to why gay marriages should not be legalized. First and chief among these is the religious aspect. Most religions in the world today consider homosexuality a great sin. Homosexuality is not only deeply opposed by the various religions in the country but it is also deemed offensive. It is seen as limiting the freedom of religion enjoyed by the majority. The fact that the United States Constitution was founded under a religious perspective and highly borrows from the Christian Bible further serves to indicate the citizens’ opposition to homosexuality. Hence, laws prohibiting homosexuality should be upheld,. Secondly, the legalization of gay marriages shall weaken the definition and perspective attached to marriage as per se. With rising cases of divorce, which are projected at 50 percent, the respect accorded to marriages has already been weakened. Gay marriages, if legalized, are expected to increase the number of non-serious marriages viewed as making fun of this serious intuition such as individuals desiring to be tax-exempt. This shall be in utter contrast to the widely felt view that marriage is a sacred institution that should be well-adhered to. Further, this is supported by the fact that only people in the opposite sex can pro-create. Most activists against homosexuality feel that it encourages adoption while ignoring pro-creation, which is viewed as a gift from God. Secondly, the full adoption of marriage into the social setup shall ideally weaken the perspective in which traditional family values are held as the most vital in society. The chief building blocks of every society is the traditional nuclear family setup of man, woman and children. This has been the reason as to why societies have managed to remain rational throughout historical events such as the world wars, the great depression and other similar challenges. Family members have always stuck up close even when friends and lovers forsake thee. Therefore, it is noteworthy that our societies are crumbling due to the increasing change in perception of families and the weakening of their structure. Introducing another perceptive view to the already weakened family view shall definitely worsen the situation. Thirdly, this would trigger a slippery slope in the scope of the legality of marriages. Contrary to the proposition by gay proponents that these marriages would hurt no-one, this would trigger the onset of a chain reaction that would ultimately lead to a radical change in the whole idea of marriage. Abhorrent traits such as incest in which closely relate family members intermarry may come up. There is therefore a need to define the institution of family and marriage firmly, otherwise, the options and variations might prove to be endless. This may sound absurd, but it is vital to note that it does not take the majority to change this but a few activist judges to change these laws by interpreting them under the doctrine of stare decisis so as to impose this on everyone just as was the case in where two judges in California declared the Pledge of Allegiance unconstitutional, (Dunlap, 15 march 1995). Finally, the gay culture, under a psychological analysis and review, should not be encouraged. This is since it leads to psychological disorders, much lower life expectancy which is indicated at less than twenty years in comparison to the general population which can be attributed to the hassles experienced by this couples; and the highly likely transmittance of Sexually Transmitted Diseases as is the case in the studies conducted in Haiti by Centre of Disease Control. There is therefore a need to discourage unhealthy practices that are detrimental to humanity, (Hetter, 3June 1996). In conclusion, it is important to note the controversy on gay marriages and homosexuality is a societal issue that must be resolved. Either the proponents and advocates of homosexuality will attain legislative and mutual recognition over time or the opponents of this change will manage to contain this whirlwind. It is therefore vital to analyze various articles that have appeared in the recent past which act as pointers as to the direction this crucial debate is taking,. References D, W. (August 22, 2008). What's the Harm?: Does Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage Really Harm Individuals, Families or Society? Lanham: University Press of America. Dunlap, D. (15 march 1995). Some States Trying To Stop Gay Marriages Before They Start. wall street journal , 18. Hetter, K. ( 3June 1996). The New Civil Rights Battle . U.S News and World Report , 28-31. Member Resolution and Opinion Poll. ( 2005 , August Friday,26). Retrieved November 18, 2010,

Plutonium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Plutonium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Plutonium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 94 Symbol: Pu Atomic Weight: 244.0642 Discovery: G.T. Seaborg, J.W. Kennedy, E.M. McMillan, A.C. Wohl (1940, United States) Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f6 7s2 Word Origin: Named for the planet Pluto. Isotopes: There are 15 known isotopes of plutonium. The isotope of greatest importance is Pu-239, with a half-life of 24,360 years. Properties: Plutonium has a specific gravity of 19.84 (a modification) at 25 °C, melting point of 641 °C, boiling point of 3232 °C, with a valence of 3, 4, 5, or 6. Six allotropic modifications exist, with various crystalline structures and densities ranging from 16.00 to 19.86 g/cm3. The metal has a silvery appearance which takes a yellow cast when oxidized slightly. Plutonium is a chemically reactive metal. It readily dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, or hydroiodic acid, forming the Pu3 ion. Plutonium exhibits four ionic valence states in ionic solution. The metal has the nuclear property of being readily fissionable with neutrons. A relatively large piece of plutonium gives off enough energy via alpha decay to be warm to the touch. Larger pieces of plutonium give off sufficient heat to boil water. Plutonium is a radiological poison and must be handled with care. It is also important to take precautions to prevent the unintentional formation of cri tical mass. Plutonium is more likely to become critical in liquid solution than as a solid. The shape of the mass is an important factor for criticality. Uses: Plutonium is used as an explosive in nuclear weapons. The complete detonation of a kilogram of plutonium produces an explosion equal to that produced by approximately 20,000 tons of chemical explosive. One kilogram of plutonium is equivalent to 22 million kilowatt hours of heat energy, so plutonium is important for nuclear power. Sources: Plutonium was the second transuranium actinide to be discovered. Pu-238 was produced by Seaborg, McMillan, Kennedy, and Wahl in 1940 by deuteron bombardment of uranium. Plutonium may be found in trace amount in natural uranium ores. This plutonium is formed by irradiation of natural uranium by the neutrons which are present. Plutonium metal can be prepared by reduction of its trifluoride with alkaline earth metals. Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth (Actinide) Plutonium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 19.84 Melting Point (K): 914 Boiling Point (K): 3505 Appearance: silvery-white, radioactive metal Atomic Radius (pm): 151 Ionic Radius: 93 (4e) 108 (3e) Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 2.8 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 343.5 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.28 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 491.9 Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3 Lattice Structure: Monoclinic References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

International Business (CH2, CH3, and Movie 'GUNG HO) Review

International Business (CH2, CH3, and 'GUNG HO) - Movie Review Example The second implication is that informal institutional frameworks provide some structure to an organization where formal institutions are not visible or where the formal institutions have failed. Managers should constantly be aware of both formal and informal institutional frameworks that influence their employees. This will allow the managers to manage to the framework and adjust with fluid plans if the frameworks break down. It will also allow the managers to better predict the behaviors and actions of their teams. Section 2: (40 Points) For this assignment you will be required to locate and watch the movie Gung Ho and then apply the concepts that were discussed in Chapter 3 of the textbook by answering the questions outlined below. The movie is about a small town that has always relied on manufacturing for its livelihood. The two factories have closed down, the service businesses are moving out of the town, and the majority of adults are unemployed. Hunt Stevenson solicits a Japanese company to reopen the factory. The movie tells the story of the challenges the Japanese executives, employees, and townspeople encountered during and after the reopening. This is relevant to the concepts of global business today because advancements in technology, travel, and collaboration blur the lines that separate countries. Global interactions are a frequent, everyday occurrence for many businesses. Understanding the different cultures with which one will be working is critical to maintain relationships and smooth production. b. Outline the cultural differences that exist between the Japanese management team and their US Workers? Specifically address each of the following differences by describing examples from the movie. (16 Points) Collectivism focuses all members of the team on a single purpose as a single unit. This was apparent from the first day of the factory

Microteaching LESSON PLAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Microteaching LESSON PLAN - Essay Example For example, trying to access any country government computers without authorization is one of computer crimes. Thus, students will be fully informed when using computer and internet. The students will consider the right use of computer to be a way from the computer crimes as outlined in this activity. At the end of this activity students will be able to classify the computer crimes. They will compare and review between the right uses of computer and the bad using, such as Hackers. So, the students will produce a legal use of computer in the community. Introduce myself to the students. Start the introduction of the activity. I will be talking about the changes in the community to lead them to use the technology these days. I will provide the examples of good and bad uses of the technology . Divide the student into two groups. The activity will be based on paper hand to them. In the paper it will be there a types of computer crimes types with it definitions and examples. Students need to define which type matches the right definition. The strategies I will use to engage students during the activity are different. First, I will follow the theories of good teaching, and read the explanation that Biggs (1999) explain in the article. Biggs (1999) reviewed and explained the theories, which focus on three parts during learning and teaching. It is focus on: 1. What the student is; 2. What the teacher does; 3. What the student does. So, the first is what the student is; the teacher needs to know how the student participates during the lecture, If he takes notes, follows the teacher in the topic materials, listens to the teacher, or does not focus on the lecture and uses the computer, phone, or near to fall sleep. Then the teacher moves to the second question What the teacher does. The teacher learns the types of the students act during the lecture. The teacher notes the student type, if the student is good and looking

The operations of the PepsiCo Company

The operations of the PepsiCo Company The report based on the operations of PepsiCo was done in the satisfaction of a Dynamics of Strategy Assignment. The company original location is in the United States of America but the company also operates in countries globally ranging from large emerging countries, the BRIC countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China to the small Caribbean Islands. PepsiCo, initiated as Pepsi: a carbonated cola drink in the beverage industry initiated in 1968 and has continued to expand since. The company has expanded through diversification and acquisitions into both the food and beverage industry. The company has been analyzed in terms of its internal and external environment and strategic opportunities for improvement has been proposed. PepsiCos mission Our mission is to be the worlds premier consumer products company focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity. PepsiCos vision, PepsiCos responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate   environment, social, economic   creating a better tomorrow than today. Introduction PepsiCo, one of the most diverse and leading companies in the food and beverage industry initiated as Pepsi Cola in 1898 producing only cola beverages. In 1965, the company took the step to merge with another company, Frito Lay, in the food industry to form the company as the name is today, PepsiCo. PepsiCo controls 103 billion litres in market volume in the US beverage industry and concurrently a UDS $321billion in market value. PepsiCo with competitors in both the food and beverage industry, focused on international growth and further diversification. PepsiCo is the second largest beverage producer in the world and the worlds leader in its Frito Lay division in the food (salty snacks) industry. PepsiCo has numerous competitors in both the food and beverage industry: CoCa Cola, Kraft Foods, Unilever, and Nestle. PepsiCo expanded its production initially from Pepsi, a cola beverage to diversifying to water (Aquafina), Quaker Oats in the cereal and snack industry to juices and energy drinks such as Gatorade. The company further acquired and formed joint ventures increasing its product line to teas and root beers. The company acquired and formed joint ventures, along with the purchase of famous restaurant chains such as Kentucky Fried Chicken. PepsiCo currently focuses on growth through Performance with a Purpose: to improve the performance of the company, human and talent sustainability as they move towards being more environment friendly. The assignment seeks to review and analyze the external and internal environment, evaluating whether the company is in strategic fit or drift. When this is determined, the researcher would assess the feasibility, acceptability and suitability of the proposed strategic option of growth in emerging markets. The researcher would then go on to recommend a detailed implementation plan of the chosen strategic option in terms of new product development. Task 1 Evaluation of the External Environment The evaluation of the external environment was undertaken through the use of various tools which analyses conditions, entities, events and factors of the environment in which PepsiCo operates. The tools used by the researcher were the PESTLE analysis, Porters Five Forces, the 3 Cs and the Industry Life Cycle. This analysis of each tool was embarked on to determine how the activities of PepsiCo are influenced by the macro environment and whether the company is in strategic fit. PESTLE Analysis is a tool that could aid organizations making strategies by helping them understand the external environment in which they operate now and how they will operate in the future. In all markets PepsiCo has entered, the government has intervened to some extent, where they were confronted with several political barriers to entry, adhering to laws and regulations. These issues increased, as the company expanded its operations and portfolio. PepsiCo was further affected when the economic downturn negatively impacted on their financial statement as costs fluctuated. Despite this, PepsiCo was granted approval for investment into the company. Cultural and demographic aspects, social factors also affected the operations of PepsiCo which include a shift towards healthier lifestyles. PepsiCo has kept up-to-date with technological advancements by introducing the most recent improvements to machinery in the industry. They have implemented modern media methods to increase brand awareness, allowing them to being innovative, reduce costs and improve quality. PepsiCo faces legal challenges where there were bans placed on advertising in some countries. In some countries the governments have reduced the awarded contract previously set at a term of five years to one year. PepsiCo has decided to go green and be environment friendly, focusing on water, climate changes, agricultural and packaging change. They have initiated to reduce their utility consumption. Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by five forces. Porters five forces is a framework used by the researcher to determine the competitive intensity of the macro environment in which PepsiCo operate. Considering PepsiCo is one of the dominants in the food and beverage industry there is little room for new entrants to create competitive pressure. Due to capital, market knowledge and experience, PepsiCo has the absolute advantage in terms of cost which would deter new competitors. PepsiCo with the advantage of high bargaining power of suppliers are able to identify, differentiate and substitute inputs. If the suppliers have greater influence on the industry, then PepsiCo would have to pay high prices for the raw materials. PepsiCo allows the buyers a strong bargaining power so that they could maintain the number of buyers they have and attract new ones. Buyers may have greater influence on PepsiCo since there are numerous substitutes for its products. The threat of substitutes which exists within the beverage and food industry is a major issue for PepsiCo, where a price change can prove futile for the company. PepsiCo is fortunate since although there are substitutes for the products there are no close rival, with a diversified portfolio that links directly to PepsiCo at all product levels. This, a strength to the company gives them the competitive advantage of operating in the industry. The 3Cs Model is a business model which offers a strategic look at the factors needed for success The researcher would use the 3Cs model to measure the differences between the actual and the perceived quality of the companys product portfolio, helping to assess the importance of the brand name PepsiCo. Market dominance of certain products such as Frito Lay and Gatorade has been a success since PepsiCo would have increased market share. PepsiCo can maintain this dominance by obtaining control of their brand through patenting. The company can further seek other measures to maintain this success, through innovation by improving existing products. PepsiCo segments its market and goals are directed towards consumers since it is the consumers who the company depends on for revenues and profits. PepsiCo portrayed them as the New Generation or the Pepsi Generation. PepsiCo has even adjusted its portfolio by improving existing products and developing new ones to meet current trends in the market: a healthier lifestyle. Although PepsiCo is dominant in some products in the market they still need to focus on its competitors strategies and techniques. Coca Cola, leader in the beverage industry enjoys the largest market share for carbonated soft drinks. Smaller competitors use strategies to allow them to remain in the market and their size, although smaller than PepsiCo to gain competitive advantage. PepsiCo is in the mature stage of the Industry Life Cycle in the food and beverage industry. This tool with knowledge of past and current market trends are used to predict future trends and potential entrants or threats that may arise in the market. PepsiCo maintains its position by using techniques such as diversification strategies and developing products towards current trends and market development. Critical Assessment of Strategic Resource Capabilities The researcher undertook an analysis of PepsiCos internal environment, comprised of the organizations resources, capabilities and competencies. This assessment helped to determine whether the company is in a strategic fit or drift. Several tools such as the SWOT analysis, the VRIO framework and the Key Success Factors were used. PepsiCo has the second highest market share in the beverage industry but have always had and continues to maintain a strong brand image. The company had the advantage since with their diversified portfolio; they were able to create an image for not only for their cola beverage but for all their products. Due to this PepsiCo encountered additional revenue for growth and was able to invest in technology with helped them to benefit from economies of scale. Despite PepsiCos many strengths they had their fair share of weaknesses. The company has limited themselves with their diversified portfolio since they have concentrated mostly in North America. This could prove that they are not fully utilizing their resources available to them globally especially in emerging countries. This weakness can be converted to an opportunity where it can be used as a strategy towards growth. Further opportunities may emerge where PepsiCo can further diversify through new product development, improvements to old products and acquisitions, towards changing demand, a healthier lifestyle. PepsiCo faces challenges from competitors and the declining economy could also prove as a threat where there is sluggish growth of the economy. PepsiCo with a strong internal work culture, an intangible resource, is structured toward the companys Performance with a Purpose to encourage professionalism and personal development while subsequently having fun. Ideas and comments are most welcomed by the management team. Young employees are given the chance to embrace early responsibility, to accept risks and make some decisions allowing them to develop and become prospective leaders. PepsiCo also focuses external culture where they give back to communities. Geographic location has impacted on the internal culture of PepsiCo where culture is altered towards employees in different regions. The strategic location of the company also helps to improve the distribution of products. At some locations, PepsiCo use to their benefit government incentives to decentralize their operations. This helps to reduce operating costs. Brand imagery, reputation and high employee morale plays a huge role in increasing goodwill of PepsiCo. This intangible asset could lead to a positive impact on the financial statements. Despite the negative outlook from the financial statements due to the economic storm and currency fluctuations, the company was able to achieve growth in 2008. Although numerous government bodies planned to increase taxes for snacks and cola beverages and PepsiCo had a high short term debt, they continued to invest for long term prospects. VRIO framework is an internal tool of analysis in the context of businesses. VRIO is an acronym for the four question framework you ask about a resource or capability to determine its competitive potential: the question of Value, the question of Rarity, the question of Imitability (Ease/Difficulty to Imitate), and the question of Organization (ability to exploit the resource or capability). PepsiCo was able to add value to their manufacturing process through innovation and efficiency in all resources: Culture/HR, Location, Brand Image, Goodwill and Financially. All these resources are aligned, organized and exploited by PepsiCo. Culture/HR is the only resource of PepsiCo which can be identified as rare and not possessed by competitors. Although Goodwill is not rare, it is not easily duplicated by customers, hence is imitable and has a sustained competitive advantage. Despite this, if given sufficient time, money and resources all of PepsiCos other resources such as location, brand image and financial prosperity can be emulated, referred to as having a competitive parity. Key Success factors necessary for the success of PepsiCo in the market is that they should continue their use of celebrities in their advertising campaign. This would help to lure customers toward the product. The company can focus on widening their distribution channels as they expand their portfolio. This would help inject additional revenue into the company. Strategic Fit PepsiCo is in a strategic drift to the extent where there is minimal innovation to develop new products. The company prefers to obtain products through mergers and acquisitions, since these products would have been established already and it reduces PepsiCos risk of a failing product. The disadvantage of this is that the brand names of the acquired products are standardized. When PepsiCo acquire these products, they continue to trade under their original name and not the name of the company, such as Gatorade. Another drift of the company is where they fail to have optimal utilization of all their resources. Their advertising campaigns do not include a wide target market. Although the company serves approximately 86% of the worlds population, their advertising is mostly positioned towards the North American markets. Despite the strategic drift of PepsiCo, the company is in a strategic fit due to their strong Culture and Human Resources. This is clearly practiced within the goals of the company Performance with a Purpose. This is advantageous to them since the management team ensures they are practice of good work culture, factors that are rare and cannot be imitated easily. The culture of this organization contributes to standardized operations which lead to high quality of the products, giving them the competitive advantage. Another factor which contributes to PepsiCos being in a fit is that the company has a diversified portfolio with no other single company in the food and beverage industry directly competing with PepsiCos range of products allowing them to sustain their competitive advantage. PepsiCos most recent objectives in their sustainability report is being accomplished and puts the company in strategic fit where they are moving towards meeting the needs of the changing demand towards healthier products. This not only increase revenue but creates a strong brand image and gives the company the competitive advantage. Another object from PepsiCos sustainability report which puts them in a fit is their drive towards going green by reducing utility consumption, the labels in their packaging and usage of plastics. The company currently takes into consideration Green Initiatives, such as building codes when entering new markets. Despite of having few strategic drift issues which cannot be ignored, PepsiCo continues to maintain their competitive advantage in the changing markets and is in a strategic fit. Task 2 Discussion of Strategic Option PepsiCo, since established in 1898 has grown into a vast well established organization with a diversified portfolio. The company has achieved this through all factors in the Ansoff Matrix, allowing them to be the worlds largest food and beverage company. The company has achieved and continues to achieve growth through improvement, diversification of their product portfolio, entering new markets and through new product the development. Through extensive research into PepsiCo, the researcher found PepsiCo has experienced a drastic fall in sales in recent times as a result of the global economic recession and due to changing consumer demands. CEO of the company, together with management has proposed to introduce new products to combat this predicament so that the company can maintain their market status and continue to achieve growth. Through profound investment and innovation, PepsiCo is targeting emerging markets: BRIC countries. In keeping with PepsiCos mission grounded on Performance with a Purpose, their goals of Human Sustainability, and their current proposal, the researcher has chosen new product development as a growth strategy towards the improvement of the future strategic direction of the organization. By this route the company would Suitability Feasibility Acceptability Implementation Plan Conclusion Appendix 1 PESTLE Appendix 2 Porters Five Forces Model Appendix 3 3Cs Model Appendix 4 SWOT Analysis Appendix 5 VRIO Framework Resources Valuable Rare Imitable Organized Competitive Implication Hierarchy of Resources Culture/HR YES YES YES YES SCA Core Financial YES NO NO YES CP Base Location YES NO NO YES CP Base Brand Image YES NO NO YES CP Base Goodwill YES NO YES YES SCA Core Appendix 6 Ansoff Matrix SOURCE: http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm

Motivational Plan

There are five basic theories of motivation. 1) Self-determination theory states that people have three basic needs. 2) Attribution theory wants to know why things happen. 3) Expectancy-value theory is interested in a person’s beliefs about abilities. 4) Social cognitive theory states that human behavior comes from their attributes. 5) Goal orientation theory wants to know the reasons for doing tasks. Self-Determination Theory The self-determination theory states that people have three basic needs. A need for autonomy, which is to feel a sense of self-directedness, the need to feel competent, and the need to be related to something. People are motivated with the things that will help meet these needs. People are motivated when their actions are self-determined. â€Å"The more self-determined the motivation is, the more the person experience positive outcomes, including persisting in the activity† (Lavigne, Vallerand & Miquelon, 2007). People perceive they have choices available to them. This theory gives another reason for negative effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is when a student really wants to learn something. Students will be motivated if they feel they relate to what is going on. They also will be motivated if they feel competent. If a student feels they are smart and can do a task successfully, they will be more motivated to get it done. If an individual has the three basic needs they will have self-determination. Attribution Theory Attribution theory wants to know why things happen. It might lead to negative feelings. It could cause someone to give up or try harder depending on the feeling. â€Å"Attribution (explanatory) thinking involves an appraisal of factors contributing to success and failure outcomes and is regarded as instrumental to motivation and goal striving in achievement settings† (Perry, Stupnisky, Daniels & Haynes, 2008). Stability is if the event is constant across time and situations. A cause that is stable is failing a test because they are not smart. Intelligence is unchangeable so it is a stable attribution. A cause that is unstable is not doing well because the student was sick when they took a test. Locus is the cause is either internal of external. Locus that is internal is thinking you do not have the ability or skills to do well. Locus that is external is outside factors. These could be the teacher grades hard, the classroom environment like too noisy or interruptions, or anything that is outside the students’ ability. Control is the belief that a person can control events. If a student makes a bad grade on something, they can make two attributions for this grade. They could possible feel they just are not capable of doing the work or understanding the work. They could also feel they did not put forth a lot of effort and therefore could have controlled the grade. If it is a controllability issue, then the student is likely to try and fix it. Teachers can help students with the attribution theory by helping with stability. They can encourage a student that they are intelligent and capable of doing the work assigned. They can also encourage a student which will help with internal locus. Expectancy-value theory Expectancy-value theory is interested in a person’s belief about abilities and their value of a task. Motivation is determined by one’s expectancies for success and one’s value of the task. How a teacher teaches can influence a student’s beliefs and values. There are four components to this theory. â€Å"Correspond to the students’ beliefs about how well they will perform on upcoming tasks and relate to their perception of being able to carry out their academic projects successfully† (Chouinard & Roy, 2008). An example is a student who thinks they are logical will value problem solving. The intrinsic value is how interesting a task is to a student. If they like what they are doing, they will be motivated to finish it. The utility value is finding usefulness in a task. The student will be motivated if it will help their grade. The last component is cost. The cost value knows it will be worth their time to do it. Usually if a student knows the assignment is not going to be graded, they won’t bother to do it. Student results come from teacher expectancies. If a teacher thinks the tudents will perform poorly and they treat them this way, then they will not do well. If a teacher has high expectations for the students and shows them this, they will do better. If teachers believe that certain groups of students do not value educations, then they will have different expectations for them. Teachers also have different expectations based on culture areas and socioeconomic backgrounds. Socia l Cognitive Theory The social cognitive theory states â€Å"that most human emotion is the direct result of what people think, tell themselves, assume, or believe about themselves and their social situations† (Lantz, 1978). Students are motivated by what they see in other people. If they see that their older brother or sister cannot get anywhere in life because they dropped out, they will be less likely to drop out. They also are motivated if they have a belief they have the ability to perform a certain task. Teachers can influence their beliefs. Teachers can take a weak student and pair them with a strong student to motivate them by what they see in the strong student. Teachers can also motivate them by convincing them they have the ability to do a task. Goal orientation theory Goal orientation theory constitutes a substantial and informative body of knowledge concerning motivational processes in achievement settings and particularly in educational contexts† (Kaplan & Maehr, 2007). The goal orientation theory wants to know the students’ reasons for doing academic tasks. There are two goals: mastery goals and performance goals. Mastery goals are tasks that truly master the material. Perform ance goals are tasks that demonstrate the ability. The theorists also look at approach and avoidance goals. Approach goals are positive motivation. Avoidance goals are negative motivation. Students with mastery goals are looking to improve their competence. Mastery goals have been associated with increased effort. Mastery-focused classrooms are discussions that encourage all students to participate. Students who use mastery goals are often critical thinkers. Students who use performance goals are using cognitive skills. These are the five theories of motivation. They are used by educators everywhere. By understanding them, teachers can help encourage positive motivation and help the students achieve the best education possible.

Psittacosaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Psittacosaurus (Greek for parrot lizard); pronounced sih-TACK-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Scrublands and deserts of Asia Historical Period: Early to middle Cretaceous (120 to 100 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 3 to 6 feet long and 50 to 175 pounds, depending on species Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Short, blunt head with curved beak; small horns on cheeks About Psittacosaurus As you may have guessed from its name, Greek for parrot lizard, what set Psittacosaurus apart from other dinosaurs of the Cretaceous period was its distinctly un-dinosaur-like head. This plant-eaters curved beak made it somewhat reminiscent of a parrot, but otherwise, its squat noggin was distinctly tortoise-like. (One shouldnt draw too much from this analogy; Psittacosaurus, and other ornithischian dinosaurs like it, werent directly ancestral to modern birds, an honor that belongs to saurischian dinosaurs.) Although its often depicted in a four-legged posture, paleontologists believe some species of Psittacosaurus (there are at least 10 currently named) walked or ran on two legs. (A new study concludes that this dinosaur scuttled around on four legs as a juvenile, then assumed a bipedal posture thanks to a growth spurt in its hind legs.) Psittacosaurus seems to have led a relatively quiet life, although the horns on its face--probably a sexually selected characteristic--indicate that the males may have engaged in combat with each other for the right to mate with females. Theres also solid evidence that Psittacosaurus cared for its young after they hatched, like the distantly related duck-billed dinosaurs Maiasaura and Hypacrosaurus. By the way, you wouldnt know it from its small, unprepossessing appearance (six feet from head to tail and 200 pounds, max, for the largest species), but Psittacosaurus is classified as a ceratopsian--the family of horned, frilled dinosaurs the most famous members of which were the much later Triceratops, Protoceratops, and Styracosaurus. In fact, Psittacosaurus was one of the most basal ceratopsians, predated only by the late Jurassic Chaoyangsaurus and itself a close cousin to a bewildering array of proto-ceratopsian genera, including Yinlong and Leptoceratops.

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